. The Concept of Heroism in Paradise Lost: Comparing Satan and Adam
. The Concept of Heroism in Paradise Lost: Comparing Satan and Adam
In Milton’s Paradise Lost, the concept of heroism is explored in unconventional ways, particularly through the characters of Satan and Adam. Satan, while clearly the villain of the story, exhibits traits that are traditionally associated with heroism in epic literature. His rebellion against God and his refusal to submit to divine authority position him as an anti-hero, showcasing defiance and ambition. Satan’s refusal to yield to God, even in the face of damnation, makes him a tragic hero, with a fierce independence that contrasts with the obedience exhibited by the other characters.
On the other hand, Adam’s heroism is more complex, as he must confront the consequences of his own fallibility. Though obedient to God, Adam’s heroism lies in his eventual recognition of the importance of free will and his decision to accept the punishment for his and Eve’s actions. Adam’s heroism emerges in his self-awareness and acceptance of responsibility, making his eventual repentance a pivotal moment in the poem.
Both Satan and Adam reflect different definitions of heroism, challenging the traditional concept of a hero as one who only exhibits virtuous traits. Milton’s treatment of heroism raises important questions about humanity’s struggle with sin and redemption.
7. Milton’s Paradise Lost as an Allegory for the English Civil War
Milton wrote Paradise Lost during a time of political turmoil in England, particularly the English Civil War (1642–1651). While the poem tells the biblical story of the fall of man, many scholars interpret Paradise Lost as an allegory for the civil war and the political divisions of Milton’s time. The war itself can be seen as a rebellion against authority, much like Satan’s rebellion against God, and Milton’s own involvement in the Puritan cause aligns with his portrayal of the revolutionary Satan as a figure challenging the established order.
The themes of freedom and authority are central to both the civil war and Paradise Lost, with Milton exploring the complexities of rebellion and the consequences of challenging power. Satan’s fall can be viewed as an analogy for the consequences of rebellion, both in the biblical context and in the contemporary political climate. This allegorical reading of the poem adds a layer of political commentary, where Milton critiques the power structures of his time while also expressing his idealism and belief in freedom.
