Author: luna
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The Core Questions To Address When Valuing Health States
To calculate QALYs it is necessary to represent health on a scale in which death and full health are assigned values of 0 and 1, respectively. Therefore, states rated as better than dead have values between 0 and 1 and states rated as worse than dead have negative scores that in principle are bounded by…
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hypertensives Disorders Of Pregnancy (Preeclampsia/Eclampsia)
Pregnancy-specific hypertensive conditions, in particular preeclampsia/eclampsia, are among the leading causes of SAMM and maternal deaths. Four types of such conditions complicate pregnancy (Table 7). As seen in Figure 3, 9–29% of maternal deaths are caused by hypertensive disorders in world regions. Hypertension complicates approximately 5% of all and 11% of first pregnancies, respectively. Preeclampsia…
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Placing Regulation And Law In Context: The Direct Impact Of Economic Conditions
Important as law, regulation, and enforcement are to OHS standards, it is important to recognize that economic conditions also have a significant impact on safety. We noted above that small businesses were at most risk from prosecution under industrial manslaughter provisions in the UK. But small businesses in some sectors can have lower safety standards…
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The Complex Division Between Criminal Behavior, Regulatory Breaches, And Desirable Behavior
Drawing bright lines in law and regulation between what is criminal, what is harmful and what is desirable is difficult. Part of the difficulty here is the way that the benefits of a particular activity or industry are often intertwined with harm. The embedded nature of harm within benefit and the unequal distribution of those…
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Health Care Reform and Criminal Offenders Research Paper
The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), health care reform, comes at a particularly unique time in the criminal justice system – a time when mass incarceration policies are being scaled back and more prisoners are being released to the community. The ACA attempts to tackle weaknesses in the existing health insurance system…
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Unintended Consequences Of Incarceration: Concurrency In The Community
The criminal justice system removes individuals away from the community, friends, family, and intimate partners. Once sexual or injection drug partners are separated, new partners may be introduced into the relationship; partners left in the community may engage in sexual intercourse and injection drug use with new partners. When the number of sexual or drug…
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Future Directions: Interventions To Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity And Mortality
Previous studies have demonstrated that recently released inmates have an increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease and current and former inmates are likely to have increased rates of cardiovascular risk factors. However, the reasons for this are unclear, making interventions that improve this population’s health difficult to design. As the correctional population continues to…
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Incarceration Is Associated With Psychosocial Factors That May Increase Cardiovascular Risk
Incarceration may augment socioeconomic disadvantage, which is independently associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Individuals released from prison and jail often face additional barriers to obtaining employment, housing, and public entitlements and encounter various restrictions of their political rights (Travis 2005), which may further impede access to healthcare and medical treatment. Current and former…
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Incarceration Is Associated With Behavioral Risk Factors That May Increase Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Higher rates of alcohol abuse and illicit drug use in patients with a history of incarceration are well documented and could contribute to increased cardiovascular risk. Injection drug use is associated with contracting HIV and hepatitis C, both of which are independently associated with developing cardiovascular disease. Whether substance abuse and its medical comorbidities contribute…
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Incarceration Is Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
In US studies, current and former inmates have higher rates of hypertension (Wang et al. 2009), smoking (Cropsey et al. 2008), and left ventricular hypertrophy (Wang et al. 2009) than the general population. Analyses comparing diabetes in patients with and without a history of incarceration have yielded conflicting results (Leddy et al. 2009). Other studies…