StudyLoop

Author: luna

  • Nurses’ Contribution To Health Services

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    Whether practicing in generalist, specialist, or advanced practice roles, nurses are making a considerable and positive impact on the provision of health services. There is a well-established and expanding body of research evidence documenting the effectiveness of their care. For instance, outcome research indicates that care provided by NP/ APNs is equivalent to that of…

  • Food Insecurity Increases Risk Of HIV Infection

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    Inequalities with respect to gender, socioeconomic status, class, caste, and religion are central to the risks people face. Gender inequity shapes power relations, sexual relations, and access to resources, opportunities, and assets including land. It thus also shapes the relative risks and vulnerabilities that women face. Such socioeconomic vulnerability may lead a woman to exchange…

  • Nutrition Affects HIV Progression And Transmission

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    In HIV-infected individuals, micronutrient deficiencies and iron loading may accelerate progression of HIV infection, as shown in the conceptual framework in Figure 2. Deficiencies of antioxidant vitamins and minerals and accumulation of the prooxidant iron could lead to oxidative stress, which is known to activate a transcription factor that increases replication of HIV, which results…

  • Immune Functions And Resistance To Infections

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    Immune suppression caused by lack of nutrients has been called nutritionally acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or NAIDS. Lack of zinc, of which only about 1 mg is needed every day to replace losses, leads to virtual disappearance of the thymus, a key immunological organ. Thus micronutrient deficiencies often increase risk and severity of infectious diseases. Since…

  • How The Elderly Can Reduce Some Aging- Associated Problems With Nutrition

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    See Table 4 on how to avoid eating problems in the elderly. Perspective Of Nutrition In The Elderly The effect of caloric restriction on delaying aging process and prolonging the lifespan, proven in rodents, has not yet been fully explored in humans (Bengmark, 2006), so other approaches may be effective. Nutrition is a promising approach…

  • How Nutrition In The Elderly Differs From Nutrition In Adults

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    Population-based nutritional surveys show a gradual decline in energy intake in the elderly, accompanied by an increase in energy from carbohydrates and a decrease in energy from fat (van Staveren and de Groot, 2006). The decrease in protein and fat intake in the elderly is associated with mortality, while carbohydrates show a threshold effect on…

  • Health Consequences of Obesity Research Paper

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    Introduction The prevalence of obesity has increased sharply during the past few decades, and this condition is now recognized as a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Adiposity, or excess body fat, is often defined in terms of body mass index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms (kg) by the…

  • Trends In Overweight/Obesity

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    In the United States, as in most other countries, the prevalence of adult overweight/obesity has risen steadily in recent decades, chiefly due to marked increases in obesity. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, the age-adjusted prevalence of overweight among adults ages 20–74 years increased from 47.4% in 1976–80 to 66.0%…

  • Selected Epidemiologic Concepts In Observational Studies Confounding

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    The possibility of confounding, which is especially likely to occur in observational studies, usually needs to be considered when trying to interpret associations between exposures and diseases. A confounding variable is a variable that (a) alters the risk of the disease or condition under study independent of the exposure or characteristic of primary interest, and…

  • Some Uses Of Observational Epidemiology

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    Some Uses Of Observational Epidemiology One use of observational studies is to determine the magnitude and impact of diseases or other conditions in populations or in selected subgroups of the population. Such data are useful in setting priorities for investigation and control, in deciding where preventive efforts should be focused, and in determining what type…